Oculo-visual abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: Possible value as biomarkers.

摘要: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and second leading cause dementia worldwide. With an aging population, prevalence has dramatically increased. Clinical management advanced through recent developments in dopaminergic imaging genetic risk profiling. However, early accurate diagnosis disorder remains a challenge, largely because lack noninvasive inexpensive reliable diagnostic tests. Besides well-studied cerebral neurodegeneration that underlies cardinal symptoms PD (ie, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, postural instability), ocular changes have also been described PD, including visual dysfunction, pupil abnormality, lens opacity, retinal neuronal loss dysfunction. These pathological processes are related to α-synuclein deposition, dopamine deficiency retina-mirroring defining features brain. Together, these observations support notion eye can serve as window brain, providing clinicians with methods visualize disease. This review focuses on advances characterization their promising use biomarkers eye, which be potentially used for aiding diagnosis, tracking progression, valuating novel therapeutic strategies. © 2018 International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.