Alterations of maternal metabolism in normal and diabetic pregnancies: differences in insulin-dependent, non-insulin-dependent, and gestational diabetes.

摘要: In normal and diabetic pregnancies, the placenta functions as a complex endocrine gland that modulates all classes of maternal nutrients to fetus. The metabolic alterations pregnancy are diabetogenic associated with modest resistance endogenous insulin. Pregnant women carbohydrate intolerance represent three metabolically heterogeneous groups: type I (insulin-dependent), II (non-insulin-dependent), gestational diabetes. Patients diabetes at risk for ketosis require replacement therapy because deficient production They have decreased 24-hour, around-the-clock levels C-peptide glucagon, lower nocturnal cortisol values higher 24-hour prolactin than those Type pregnant patients not prone more resistant exogenous fasting meal-stimulated C-peptide, accentuated hypertriglyceridemia, significantly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or women. diabetes, stress evokes reversible hyperglycemia which may be either surfeit deficiency These differences among could implications placental structure function might influence fetal growth.