Demographic Side Effects of Selective Hunting in Ungulates and Carnivores

摘要: Abstract: Selective harvesting regimes are often implemented because age and sex classes contribute differently to population dynamics hunters show preferences associated with body size trophy value. We reviewed the literature on how such cropping affect demography of remaining (here termed demographic side effects ). First, we examined implications removing a large proportion specific or class. Such strategies bias ratio toward females reduce mean males, which may consequently delay birth dates, synchrony, mass development, alter offspring ratios. Second, selective removal relatively few individuals, males. can destabilize social structures dominance hierarchy cause loss knowledge, sexually selected infanticide, habitat changes among reproductive females, in ratio. A common feature many reported mechanisms is that they ultimately depress recruitment some extreme cases even total collapse. These could act additively populations, thus having stronger effect growth rate than first anticipated. Although more experimental observational studies effects, argue this reflect quite subtle involved, unlikely be detected without rigorous monitoring regimes. call for detailed hunted populations marked individuals address expression these varies across mating systems, habitats, density. Theoretical models investigating strongly influence rates also required.