Finland’s Dependence on Russian Energy-Mutually Beneficial Trade Relations or an Energy Security Threat?

摘要: Studies on energy security in the context of relations between European Union (EU) and Russia tend to focus cases, with an open conflict related supply, such as “hard” weapons, or only one fuel, often natural gas. However, there is a need understand long-term impacts that have politically, economically physically, their linkages resilience, sustainability security. We analyse Finnish-Russian case study, they are characterised by non-conflictual relationship. To assess this complex relationship, we apply interdependence framework both systems strategies Finland Russia, issues notable import dependence supplier. Moreover, plausible development trade countries three different policy scenarios until 2040. The findings article shed light how trends markets, climate change mitigation broader societal political could influence Russia’s countries, Finland. Our analysis shows Finland’s primary imports does not pose acute threat terms sheer unlikely worsen future. due difficulty anticipating societal, political, economic trends, possible developments affect