Phylogeography and molecular evolution of dengue 2 in the Caribbean basin, 1981-2000

摘要: We sequenced the envelope (E) genes of 59 DEN-2 isolates collected from ten Caribbean islands, six South American countries, and two Central countries between 1981 2000, a period characterized by hyperendemicity increased incidence severe dengue. Fifty-two belonged to "American/Asian" subtype IIIb, possessing characteristic polar residue at aa position 390 (N [n = 48] or S 4]) common that group. Six Trinidad (1981), Honduras (1991 [4]), El Salvador (1987) fell into "Native American" V (D 390), one (1986) "Asian" I. The data suggest after its first isolation in 1981, genotype IIIb spread throughout Americas effectively replaced basin. strain also evolved several distinct lineages, based on substitutions E glycoprotein (amino acids 91 131), which were still circulation 2000. Interestingly, molecular clock did not fit well, suggesting other sources rate variation, such as differential selection differences effective population sizes, may exist among lineages. Our results indicate importance large temporal- geographical-scale phylogenetic studies understanding disease dynamics, particularly where replacements regions can occur.