Influence of harvesting pressure on demographic tactics: implications for wildlife management

摘要: Summary 1. Demographic tactics within animal populations are shaped by selective pressures. Exploitation exerts additional pressures so that differing demographic might be expected among with differences in levels of exploitation. Yet little has been done far to assess the possible consequences exploitation on mammals, even though such information could influence choice effective management strategies. 2. Compared similar-sized ungulate species, wild boar Sus scrofa high reproductive capabilities, which complicates population management. Using a perturbation analysis, we investigated how growth rates (λ) and critical life-history stages differed between two monitored for several years, one was heavily harvested other lightly harvested. 3. Asymptotic λ 1·242 hunted 1·115 population, while ratio elasticity adult survival juvenile 2·63 1·27, respectively. A comparative analysis including 21 species showed lowest ever observed. 4. Compared generation times ungulates (more than 6 years), fast speed, especially when facing hunting pressure. This is well illustrated our results, where were 3·6 years only 2·3 years population. High human-induced mortality combined non-limiting food resources accounted accelerated life history because earlier reproduction. 5. Synthesis applications. For boar, show pressure, increasing age-class (e.g. adults or juveniles) may not allow managers limit growth. We suggest simulations strategies based context-specific models useful selecting interventions control. type approach allows assessment response considering range plausible scenarios, improving chance appropriate actions.