Cellular and Molecular Defects Underlying Invasive Fungal Infections-Revelations from Endemic Mycoses.

摘要: The global burden of fungal diseases has been increasing, as a result the expanding number susceptible individuals including people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hematopoietic stem cell or organ transplant recipients, patients malignancies immunological conditions receiving immunosuppressive treatment, premature neonates and elderly. Opportunistic pathogens such Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhizopus Pneumocystis jiroveci are distributed worldwide constitute majority invasive infections (IFI). Dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp., Paracoccidioides Blastomyces dermatiditis, Sporothrix schenckii, Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei Emmonsia spp. geographically restricted to their respective habitats cause endemic mycoses. Disseminated histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis T. infection recognized AIDS-defining conditions, while rest also high rate morbidities mortalities in HIV other immunocompromised conditions. In past decade, growing monogenic disorders causing increased susceptibility have discovered. particular, defects IL-12/IFN-gamma pathway T-helper 17-mediated response associated this review, we put together various forms mycoses on map take journey around world examine how cellular molecular immune system predispose infections, primary immunodeficiencies, autoantibodies against interferon-gamma, those biologic modifiers. Though rare, these provide importance insights host defense mechanisms fungi, which can only be appreciated unique climatic geographical regions.