Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments

摘要: Adhesive shoulder capsulitis, or arthrofibrosis, describes a pathological process in which the body forms excessive scar tissue adhesions across glenohumeral joint, leading to pain, stiffness and dysfunction. It is debilitating condition that can occur spontaneously (primary idiopathic adhesive capsulitis) following surgery trauma (secondary capsulitis). Here, we review pathophysiology of highlighting its clinical presentation, natural history, risk factors, pathoanatomy pathogenesis. Both current non-operative operative treatments for capsulitis are described, evidence-based studies presented support against each corresponding treatment. Finally, also provides an update on gene expression profile how this new understanding help facilitate development novel pharmacological therapies.