Elevated levels of cadmium and zinc in paddy soils and elevated levels of cadmium in rice grain downstream of a zinc mineralized area in Thailand: implications for public health.

摘要: Prolonged consumption of rice containing elevated cadmium (Cd) levels is a significant health issue particularly in subsistence communities that are dependent on produced on-farm. This situation further exacerbated areas known non-ferrous mineralization adjacent to rice-based agricultural systems where the opportunity for contamination and its eventual entry into food chain high. In current study, an assessment degree soil Cd Zn associated grain downstream actively mined zone western Thailand was undertaken. Total concentrations system investigated ranged from 0.5 284 mg kg(-1) 100 8036 kg(-1), respectively. Further, results indicate with suspended sediment transported fields via irrigation supply. Consequently, spatial distribution directly related field's proximity primary outlets in-field channels inter-field flows 60-100% loading first three sequence. Rice 524 sampled, 0.05 7.7 kg(-1). Over 90% samples collected contained at exceeding Codex Committee Food Additives Contaminants (CCFAC) draft Maximum Permissible Level 0.2 addition, as function demographic group, estimated Weekly Intake (WI) values 20 82 mug per kg Body. poses public risk local communities. The this study suggest sequence-based field classification technique combination strategic sampling estimation WI intake alone may be useful decision support tool rapidly evaluate potential risks irrigated receiving contaminated water. proposed will facilitate cost effective targeting detailed epidemiological studies thus focusing resources specific 'high risk' areas.