Surplus killing by carnivores

摘要: In several field observations, foxes, Spotted hyaenas and other carnivores killed many more prey individuals than they could eat. Functional causal aspects of this phenomenon are discussed the conclusion is reached that these surplus kills consequence behavioural compromises in both predator to meet opposing environmental requirements. Summary: (1) Observations reported which considerably animals possibly eat, functional behaviour discussed. The species concerned were especially foxes hyaenas, references quoted about killing by Canidae, Felidae Ursidae. (2) It argued satiation does not inhibit further catching killing, but it probably searching hunting. Thus able procure an “easy prey” normally limits numbers killed. (3) Many, if all, possess patterns allow utilization a kill at later time, or members same social unit offspring use food. (4) Several showed lack anti-predator reaction under particular climatological circumstances; response usually has survival value. Sometimes accidentally made ineffective. (5) Surplus possible (2) (4) above, only very rare circumstances give access so (3) ineffective. suggested requirements.