Coverage of vertebrate species distributions by Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas and Special Protection Areas in the European Union

摘要: Abstract The European Union (EU) has an extensive protected area network, including Special Protection Areas (SPAs) designated under the Birds Directive. Important Bird and Biodiversity (IBAs) are sites of international significance for birds identified by BirdLife International. Here, we perform EU-wide terrestrial spatial conservation prioritizations to evaluate coverage IBAs SPAs, bird other vertebrate distributions SPAs. We then investigate distribution potential locations expanding SPA network that maximize species' representation, these IBAs. On average, SPAs cover 23% each species 25% amphibians, reptiles mammals together, while provide marginally greater coverage. Overall, 76% in EU completely or partially covered 66% IBA is Our results suggest designation been significantly informed data on location While using particular concern, they also tend have high representation vertebrates. new expanded covering a relatively small amount currently unprotected land (particularly southern EU) would substantially increase ranges. analysis provides insights current contribution make conserving vertebrates across EU, future possibilities efficiently network.