A prospective evaluation of psychotherapeutic and illicit drug use in patients presenting with chronic pain at the time of initial evaluation.

摘要: BACKGROUND Reports of chronic pain and associated opioid use, abuse, fatalities continue to increase at an alarming rate, not only in the United States but also across globe. In light many resultant fatalities, multiple authors authorities have cautioned against excessive use opioids. Consequently, Food Drug Administration, Enforcement state been proposing implementing a plethora regulations curb overuse abuse. majority cases, physicians portrayed as perpetrators responsible for escalating abuse fatalities. OBJECTIVES To assess patterns psychotherapeutic drug illicit time initial evaluation. STUDY DESIGN A prospective SETTING private, specialty referral interventional management clinic States. METHODS Participants were all new patients presenting evaluated by one physician. Inclusion criteria was over 18 years age with spinal least year duration. RESULTS The results this evaluation indicate that 94% on long-term opioids prior management. Illicit is common, although it has declined significantly. While large proportion individuals (45.7%) used drugs some point past, current present 7.9% patients, both past are similar general population. More importantly, significant (high doses more than 40 mg equivalents morphine 48.8%) basis, initiated maintained primary care physicians, Further, 35% benzodiazepines, 9.2% carisoprodol LIMITATIONS limitations include prospective, single center physician partially dependent subjective recall patient. CONCLUSION This study shows overwhelming managing noncancer pain. They frequently high long period combinations prescribed physicians.