Evaluation of methods for trace‐element determination with emphasis on their usability in the clinical routine laboratory

摘要: Commonly used techniques for trace-element analysis in human biological material are flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma emission (ICP-AES) and mass (ICP-MS). Elements that form volatile hydrides, first of all mercury, analysed by hydride generation techniques. In the samples vaporized into free, neutral atoms illuminated a light source emits spectrum element under analysis. The absorbance gives quantitative measure concentration element. ICP-AES ICP-MS multi-element sample excited by, example, argon at very high temperatures. emitted is directed to detector, optical signals processed values concentrations elements. spectrometer separates detects ions produced ICP, according their mass-to-charge ratio. Dilution fluids commonly needed reduce effect matrix. Digestion using acids microwave energy closed vessels elevated pressure often used. Matrix spectral interferences may cause problems. Precautions should be taken against contamination during collection, storage processing samples. For clinical problems requiring only one or few elements, use FAAS sufficient, unless higher sensitivity GFAAS required. screening multiple however, ICP preferable.