Okadaic acid meet and greet: an insight into detection methods, response strategies and genotoxic effects in marine invertebrates.

摘要: Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) constitute one of the most important sources contamination in oceans, producing high concentrations potentially harmful biotoxins that are accumulated across food chains. One such biotoxin, Okadaic Acid (OA), is produced by marine dinoflagellates and subsequently within tissues filtering organisms feeding on HABs, rapidly spreading to their predators chain eventually reaching human consumers causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) syndrome. While numerous studies have thoroughly evaluated effects OA mammals, attention drawn this regard has been scarce, even though they primary targets for biotoxin. With mind, present work aimed provide a timely comprehensive insight into current literature effect invertebrates, along with strategies developed these respond its toxic together methods techniques used detection evaluation.