Pharmacotherapy for metastatic esophageal cancer: where do we need to improve?

摘要: ABSTRACTIntroduction: Esophageal cancer is a heterogeneous comprised of differing cells origin, molecular changes, and immune microenvironments. To date, most advances have been made in chemotherapy regimens where one-size-fits-all approach used. As result, there remains lack tailored treatment options for such cancer. This paper highlights the current standard care as well active areas clinical research.Areas covered: The authors review key trials that led to including pivotal targeted therapy trials. then discuss approved uses future directions immunotherapy.Expert opinion: Current strategies based on tumor’s biology. approaches only include HER2-directed anti-VEGFR2 therapies. Furthermore, while immunotherapy response often durable, few clear predictive bioma...