Limitation of African Wild Dogs by Competition with Larger Carnivores

摘要: African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are endangered largely because their population-density is low under all conditions. Interspecific competition with larger carnivores may be a factor limiting dog density. The density of on 2600-km2 area the Selous Game Reserve (Tanzania) was 0.04 adults/km2. Spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) for same estimated by audio playbacks as 0.32 hyaenas/km2. Lion (Panthera leo) density, determined from ratio hyaenas to lions, 0.11 lions/km2. Across six ecosystems including Selous, there were strong negative correlations between and densities (r = −0.92; p 0.01) lion −0.91; 0.03). Hyaenas out-numbered ratios ranging 8:1 122:1. Ratios lions ranged 3:1 21:1. diets overlap extensively; those show less overlap. Where common visibility good, interference at kills reduces dogs’ feeding time. lower poor, rare. Wild commonly killed occasionally hyaenas. These data suggest that spotted limit or exclude when high. Competition appears intense, but direct predation important. broad importance conservation other medium-sized carnivores. Los perros salvajes Africanos pictus), se encuentran en peligro debido principalmente que su densidad poblacional es baja. La competencia interespecifica con carnivoros mayores, podria ser un limita la de los salvajes. 2600 km2 Reserva Caza fue adultos/km2. hiena moteada misma zona, estimada hienas/km2. leones partir proporcion entre hienas y leones/km2. Existieron fuertes correlaciones negativas las −0.92, P aquella −0.91, 0.03) traves seis ecosistemas, incluyendo al Selous. Las fueron mas numerosas proporciones variaron 8: 1 vario dietas superponen forma extenso, mientras muestran una menor superposicion. En areas donde son comunes visibilidad buena, interferencia presas cazadas por salvajes, comun reduce longitud del periodo alimentacion baja pobre, Los comunmente cazados ocasionalmente hienas. Estos datos sugieren moteadas limitar o excluir cuando alta. parece menos intensa, pero predacion directa sobre importante. parte mayores gran importancia para conservacion otros tamano intermedio.