作者: Peter G. Shields , Curtis C. Harris
DOI: 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30561-2
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摘要: The development of cancer in an individual is the result multiple genetic and epigenetic steps. Carcinogens tumor promoters can act by a variety molecular mechanisms, repeated exposure to numerous agents frequently necessary for formation cancer. estimate risk population performed via formal quantitative assessment. estimated more complex because both inherited predispositions lifestyle. Although information available, it essential understand goals, attributes, limitations experimental methods underlying our current understanding environmental causes