Host genetic and environmental factors shape the human gut resistome

摘要: Abstract Background Understanding and controlling the spread of antimicrobial resistance is one greatest challenges modern medicine. To this end many efforts focus on characterising human resistome or set antibiotic determinants within microbiome an individual. Aside from use, other host environmental genetic factors that may shape remain relatively underexplored. Methods Using gut metagenome data 250 TwinsUK female twins, we quantified known genes to estimate potential for 41 types antibiotics mechanisms. heritability modelling, assessed influence resistome. We then explored links between resistome, health specific exposures using linear mixed effect models adjusted age, BMI, alpha diversity family structure. Results considered 21 classes antibiotics, which were detected in over 90% our population sample. twin estimated average about 25% variability could be attributed influences. Greatest estimates observed acriflavine (70%), dalfopristin (51%), clindamycin (48%), aminocoumarin (48%) total score summing across all (38%). As expected, majority was compared profiles multiple exposures, lifestyle factors. The strongest associations with alcohol vegetable consumption, followed by high cholesterol medication usage. Overall, inter-individual variation environment showed modest profiles, status had minor signals. Conclusion Our results identify influences findings improve knowledge contribute towards helping attenuate it.