Mortality rates of wild boar Sus scrofa L. in central Europe

摘要: In many parts of Europe, wild boar Sus scrofa population increase, and thus, high densities dispersal into new areas are accompanied by economic problems. Due to factors like insufficient hunting strategies as well underestimation reproduction rates, harvest rates seem be insufficient. Thus, we calculated mortality several populations from 1998 2009, show the efficiency within studies distributed over eight European states. For calculating daily probability survival radio telemetrically observed was analysed according Mayfield (Wilson Bull 73:255-261, 1961) with analysis in R for three age classes (0, 1, ≥2 years) both sexes. The per annum, especially piglets, were comparably low (about 0.5 piglets similar total population). About third all animals survived at least until next period reproduction. Mortality differed between some study areas, sexes classes. sex ratio shot equals captured piglets; there seems no sex-biased this class, but an older age. Shooting main cause death; only very few died natural causes, e.g. diseases. comparative reflects a highly productive populations. Our results certified findings that predation, mortality, road have small impact on populations, whereas especially, nutrition or mainly decisive. Assuming net more than 200 % literature data, our indicate not sufficient sites. studies, and, less assumed Especially, rate will increase further. High has counteracted regulating reproductive animals. population, combined effective methods conducted recommend higher (80 offspring should harvested) adult females. Intensified drive hunts early intensified single hunt females might help