Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers

摘要: Synthetic seed technology requires the inexpensive production of large numbers high-quality somatic embryos. Proliferating embryogenic cultures from conifers consist immature embryos, which undergo synchronous maturation in presence abscisic acid and elevated osmoticum. Improvements conifer embryo quality have been achieved by identifying conditions vitro that resemble during ovulo development zygotic One normal aspect for is drying, allows seeds to be stored promotes germination. Conditions culture are described yield mature embryos possess storage proteins fatty acids survive either partial or full drying moisture contents similar those dehydrated Large quiescent can produced throughout year germination spring, simplifies provides plants uniform size. This review focuses on recent advances embryogenesis synthetic technology, particularly areas development, encapsulation Comparisons embryogeny made with other gymnosperms angiosperms.