Epidemiologic trends in penile anomalies and hypospadias in the state of California, 1985-2006.

摘要: Purpose Using statewide data, we evaluated whether the changing incidence of penile anomalies and hypospadias is reflected in diverse California population newborn males over past 20 years. Methods Discharge data from all hospitals, prepared by OSHPD (Sacramento, CA) was reviewed for years 1985–2006 male infant births with an ICD-9 code (752.6) hypospadias, epispadias or other anomalies. Trends were examined Generalized Estimation Equations Poisson regression. Results From 1985 to 2006, birth increased 47 57 cases per 10,000 discharges, yet trend alone appears stable 1997. The rates newborns 1.4% annually (p < 0.001). All racial/ethnic groups analyzed showed this increase (p < 0.001 each). During study period there a 2% year plural Interestingly, rate change anomaly greater compared their singleton cohorts (2% vs 1% annually) cleft palate, another congenital known be time, remained unchanged period. Conclusions From 2006 statistically significant manner, but last decade. Our support notion that different have distinct incidences formation association present.