An introduction to functional and molecular imaging with MRI

摘要: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to many aspects of functional and molecular imaging. Many the parameters used produce image contrast in MRI are influenced by local chemical environment around atoms being imaged; these can be exploited probe content tissues this shown have applications radiology. Diffusion-weighted is a well-established method for measuring small changes movement water that occurs following onset ischaemia presence tumours. Exogenous agents containing gadolinium or iron oxide tissue vascularity, cell migration, specific biological processes, such as death. MR spectroscopy technique concentrations metabolites metabolic pathways cancer, cardiac tissue, brain. Several groups developing positron-emission tomography (PET)-MRI systems combine spatial resolution with sensitivity PET. However, application limited its intrinsic low sensitivity. A number techniques developed overcome which utilize phenomenon termed hyperpolarization; pH, cellular necrosis, lungs. Although most animal models, they increasingly translated into human some routinely radiology departments.