Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Primary Dysmenorrhea for Female High School Students in South Korea.

摘要: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as a complex of symptoms with cramping pain in the lower abdomen, which occurs during menstruation or before it, where there are no other diseases, like endometriosis (Wang, Hsu, Yeh, & Lin, 2013). within 1 to 2 years menarche after ovulation cycle, particularly between 10 and 20 age, can last until woman's late forties (Davis Westhoff, 2001; Kim, 2005; Strinic, Bukovic, Fajdic, Herman, Stipic, 2003) decreases age. As such, interest efficient intervention for women's health progression serious disorder increasing (Kim 2012; Hung, Chen, Wang, 2013).BackgroundPrimary mostly caused by uterine contractions. When uterus contracts, intrauterine pressure 200 300 mmHg. Due excessively frequent contractions, blood flow decreases, ischemic (Eby, 2007; Jeon, Cha, Sok, 2014). In general, right simultaneously at start menstruation. The lasts from several hours more than day. many cases, it even entire menstrual period. Korean women, perhaps women parts world, prevalence rate approximately 87% 90%, proportion cases 10% 25.6% (Chang, 2002; 2003; Jeon et al., 2014).Primary cause problems well negative emotions everyday life inducing abdominal pain, fatigue, back ache, loss appetite, headache, diarrhea, nausea (Cheng, Chung, Chang, 2003). South Korea, primary most work school absences 2002). Therefore, countermeasures management these very important. Many aware their physical emotional stressors daily personal experiences, but they not willing seek expert medical advice order alleviate discomfort relevant cycle (Durain, 2004; 2014).To dysmenorrhea, drug therapies (e.g., analgesic oral contraceptive pill) nondrug relaxation, warmth, supportive, exercise, diversional therapies) have been used (Hewison VanDen Arker, 1996; Among therapies, analgesics frequently alleviation. effectiveness nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has also reported (Dawood Khan-Dawood, Eby, 2007). However, only effective temporary relief, need be administered again when concentration drops. Furthermore, using poses side effects unnecessary expenses. There different methods that much economical safe, such sleeping, warm compresses, massage. alternatives applied while being experienced symptoms, thus could interrupt person's activities (Cheng Kim Nam, Bang, 2013; 2013).In auricular acupressure therapy (AAT), sticker needles attached specific stimulation points on pinna, up 3 days. result, inconvenience interruption life, cost minimal. Moreover, active self-management available if one learns about acupuncture pinna. Since self-therapy ear, accessibility higher (Cha, 2008; Wang It an method because its body through use ears Du al. …