Recent progress in predictive biomarkers for metastatic recurrence of human hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of the literature

摘要: Molecular markers (biomarkers) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and recurrence could provide additional information to that gained from traditional histopathological features. A large number of biomarkers have been shown potential predictive significance. One important aspect this is detect the transcripts tumor-associated antigens (such as AFP, MAGEs, CK19), which are proposed HCC cells disseminated into circulation metastatic recurrence. Another analyze molecular cellular malignancy phenotype, including DNA ploidy, proliferation index, cell cycle regulators, oncogenes, tumor suppressors (especially p53 gene), well telomerase activity. factors involved in process invasion metastasis, adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, catenins, ICAM-1, laminin-5, CD44 variants, osteopontin), proteinases responsible degradation extracellular matrix (MMPs, uPA system), angiogenesis regulators VEGF, intratumor MVD), also be predictors clinical outcomes. new trend widely delineate with genomic proteomic expression reference predicting recurrence, diagnosis, classification, has drawing more attention recently. Body fluid (particularly blood urine) testing easily accessible useful patients. The prognostic significance circulating plasma or serum its genetic alterations another direction. More should paid these areas future. As understanding biology deepens, high sensitivity specificity found routinely used assays. However, combination pathological features some mentioned above seems practical up now.