Smoking, gender and rheumatoid arthritis–epidemiological clues to etiology: Results from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system

摘要: Abstract Objective.– This study was undertaken to confirm and extend our earlier observation that gender is a biological effect modifier of smoking–rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relationship in diverse national survey sample the United States. Methods.– Smoking history 644 cases RA 1509 geographically matched general population controls were compared using weighted logistic regression. Results.– There 644 respondents with (cases) controls. Cases significantly younger, less educated, more likely be single female than Among cases 57% smokers while among 49% smoked. women, after adjusting for age, hysterectomy had an age adjusted odds ratio 1.45, (95% CI 0.99–2.10) menopause 1.18 associated smoking. In univariable analysis ever-smoking increased risk (odds 1.34, 95% 1.0–1.81). strata smokers, there increasing gradient exposure smoking ( P  = 0.041). separate multivariable models, men 2.29, 1.35–3.90) women not elevated 0.98, 0.67–1.42). After statistically significant interaction both 2.30, 1.39–3.83) having ever smoked 2.31, 1.36–3.94) emerged as factors RA. Conclusions.– Gender interacts by unknown mechanism lead differential