The geothermal potential of urban heat islands

摘要: The urban heat island effect and climate change have not only caused surface temperature increase in most areas, but during the last hundred years also enhanced subsurface by several degrees. This phenomenon yields aquifers with elevated temperature, which are attractive though underestimated thermal energy reservoirs. Detailed groundwater measurements Cologne (Germany) Winnipeg (Canada) reveal high distributions centers of both cities indicate a warming trend up to 5 ◦ C. case-specific potential content available capacities for space heating quantified. results show, example, that, decreasing 20 m thick aquifer’s 2 C, amount extractable geothermal beneath is 2.5 times residential demand whole city. other such as Shanghai Tokyo shown supply even decades.