MicroRNAs: Novel Biomarkers for Human Cancer

摘要: Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides, have been shown to be up- or downregulated in specific cell types and disease states. These become recognized as one the major regulatory gatekeepers coding genes human genome. Content: We review structure, nomenclature, mechanism action, technologies used for miRNA detection, associations miRNAs with cancer. are produced a tissue-specific manner, changes within tissue type can correlated status. appear regulate mRNA translation degradation via mechanisms that dependent on degree complementarity between molecules. detected several methods, such microarrays, bead-based arrays, quantitative real-time PCR. The concentrations associated tumor invasiveness, metastatic potential, other clinical characteristics cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, breast, colorectal, hepatic, lung, pancreatic, prostate cancers. Summary: By targeting controlling expression mRNA, control highly complex signal-transduction pathways biological pathways. biologic roles cancer suggest correlation prognosis therapeutic outcome. Further investigation these may lead new approaches categorization, diagnosis, treatment cancers.