Reconstruction of brain circuitry by neural transplants generated from pluripotent stem cells.

摘要: Pluripotent stem cells (embryonic cells, ESCs, and induced pluripotent iPSCs) have the capacity to generate neural progenitors that are intrinsically patterned undergo differentiation into specific neuronal subtypes express in vivo properties match ones formed during normal embryonic development. Remarkable progress has been made this field recent years thanks development of more refined protocols for generation transplantable from access new tools tracing connectivity assessment integration function grafted neurons. Recent studies brains neonatal mice or rats, as well rodent models brain spinal cord damage, shown ESC- iPSC-derived can be survive differentiate after transplantation, they possess a remarkable extend axons over long distances become functionally integrated host circuitry. Here, we summarize these developments perspective earlier using intracerebral intraspinal transplants primary neurons derived fetal brain, with special focus on ability human reconstruct damaged circuitry cortex, hippocampus, nigrostriatal system cord, discuss intrinsic extrinsic factors determine growth their establish target-specific long-distance axonal connections brain.