Transnational Comparison of Sustainability Assessment Programs for Viticulture and a Case-Study on Programs’ Engagement Processes

摘要: This article documents and compares the most prominent sustainability assessment programs for individual organisations in viticulture worldwide. Certification engagement processes membership uptake; benefits; motives; inhibiting factors; desirable reporting system features of viticultural programs, are all considered. Case-study results derived from nine programs; 14 focus groups with 83 CEOs, Chief Viticulturists or Winemakers wine grape production organizations five countries (Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa United States); 12 semi-structured interviews managers either currently formerly charge researcher observations; analysis documents. Programs were categorized by their distinct program methods: process-based, best practice-based, indicator-based criterion-based. We found that have been created to increase growers’ sustainability, mainly through direct indirect education they receive promote, economic benefit business caused overall improvement operations. The main finding this study is success each these largely due people driving (program managers, innovative growers and/or early adopters) way communicate engage stakeholders peers.