Pathology, Biomarkers, and Molecular Diagnostics

摘要: Abstract The detection, diagnosis, classification, staging, and follow-up of solid tumors is increasingly dependent on both cellular molecular changes that occur in tumor precursor cells. This chapter addresses these changes, the testing algorithms for their identification, incorporation into clinical management. Initial emphasis cervical, colon lung carcinomas which early detection intervention have been shown to significantly improve morbidity mortality. Cytology, colonoscopic mucosal inspection, low dose computerized tomography (CT), respectively, used identify premalignancy lesions or invasive can be ablated before advanced disease develops. In case cervical carcinoma, cytological methods are being supplanted by HPV. more disease, most notably non-small cell carcinoma melanoma, targeting signaling pathways activated somatic genomic alterations has resulted extended survival times. Since initial successes this strategy, number genetic variants inform decision making reached a level necessitates assessment multiple genes simultaneously. Multi-gene now widely available clinic through assays sequencing platforms recognize nearly all forms abnormalities, including large scale rearrangements. These tests becoming comprehensive less expensive, but regulatory challenges remain. Finally, certain diseases, central nervous system tumors, incorporated standard WHO classification guidelines, such test results required accurate type.