Examining the risks and benefits of replacing traditional dose-response with hormesis.

摘要: In responding to Drs Calabrese and Baldwin's question, 'At what point, if ever, should hormesis be employed as the principal dose response default assumption in risk assessment?', we examined benefits of replacing traditional dose-response with hormesis. general, provides more complete useful information for assessment than does dose-response. A major limitation using a estimation is difficulty differentiating complex low-level hormetic responses from placebo effect. second that merely further defines one response. Most toxicoses have many responses. The most takes all their connections into account.