作者: A. Jan Hendriks , A. Heikens
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摘要: Most of the thousands substances and species that risk assessment has to deal with are not investigated empirically because financial, practical, ethical constraints. To facilitate extrapolation, we have developed a model for concentration kinetics inorganic as function exposure chemical weight trophic level species. The ecological parameters resistances encounter during diffusion in water layers were obtained from previous reviews. other (the permeation lipid layers) calibrated present study on 1,062 rate constants absorption water, assimilation food, elimination. Data all elements collected, but most applied aquatic species, particular mollusks fish, transition metals, group IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg). Their ratio was validated 92 regressions nine geometric averages, representing (near-)equilibrium accumulation ratios laboratory field studies. Rate elimination decreased at an exponent about −0.25, known allometry. On average, uptake-rate reciprocal square root concentration. About 71 30% variation explained by model, respectively. efficiency food appeared be determined mainly digestibility distribution over egested digested fractions. (Near-)equilibrium magnification also organism-solids concentrations roughly varied between one two orders magnitude, depending number groups investigated. Metal did increase higher levels, exception (methyl-)mercury. Organism-solids terrestrial tended somewhat lower than those their equivalents. Food web accumulation, expressed organism-organic solids organism-food ratios, can therefore only partly variables. is believed various types scientific interpretation well environmental assessment.