Review of Methods to Reduce Livestock Depredation II. Aversive conditioning, deterrents and repellents

摘要: The use of aversive conditioning, repellents and deterrents in the management predator-livestock problems is evaluated based on a comprehensive literature review, contact with leading authorities visits to areas similar predation problems. status these tools reported their applicability under Scandinavian conditions evaluated. Aversive conditioning usually involves treating baits an emetic compound (usually lithium chloride), has shown inconsistent inconclusive results. Repellents include physical, chemical acoustic stimuli or devices that cause predators stop unwanted behaviour retreat from area. Chemical are not particularly effective against coyotes but have been for wolverines bears some (e.g. availability untreated, alternative prey). Projectile give immediate, positive result bears, limited. Visual work well...