作者: Lina Sui , Luc Bouwens , Josué K. Mfopou
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摘要: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to be used as unlimited resources for tissue replacement therapy, thereby compensating organ donor shortage. To reach this goal, molecular principles governing early differentiation events in developing embryo need addressed, understood and properly implemented vitro. Studies carried out several vertebrate models established that Nodal/Activin A, BMP, WNT FGF signaling pathways regulate development these are similarly during germ layer formation by cultured ESCs. However, differences also been identified way function or interact mouse vs. human ESCs, making it sometimes difficult extrapolate findings from one system other. In review, we discuss compare role of relevant their crosstalk undifferentiated growth endoderm