The role of mammalian DNA methyltransferases in the regulation of gene expression.

摘要: The term epigenetic modification denotes reversible traits of gene expression that do not include alterations to the DNA sequence. These are responsible for chromatin structure stability, genome integrity, modulation tissue-specific expression, embryonic development, genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation in females. Epigenetic changes methylation histone acetylation or methylation. mammalian includes at 5-position cytosine (C) residue within cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG), resulting formation 5-methylcytosine (m5C). Regulatory sequences vertebrates often have little no is catalyzed by methyltransferases (DNMTs), which play a special role initiation remodeling regulation. DNMTs DNMT1, DNMT3A DNMT3B, together with accessory proteins, like DNMT3L, pattern acquisition during gametogenesis, embryogenesis somatic tissue development. Reversible lead selective utilization information through activation transcription functional genes cell differentiation. Recently, several disparate isoforms DNMT1 were identified human female male germ cells. Recent advances investigation DNMT function formed basis understanding various disorder etiopathogeneses, as result, facilitated enabled new therapies respect these diseases.