Population Viability, Nature Reserves, and the Outlook for Gray Wolf Conservation in North America

作者: Steven H. Fritts , Ludwig N. Carbyn

DOI: 10.1111/J.1526-100X.1995.TB00072.X

关键词:

摘要: Theoretical work on population viability and extinction probabilities, empirical data from Canis lupus (gray wolf) populations, expert opinion provide only general conflicting conclusions about the number of wolves size areas needed for conservation wolf populations. There is no threshold or proven reserve design that guarantees long-term (century more) survival a gray population. Most theoretical analyses have assumed single, isolated lack management intervention, neither which likely wolves. Data actual populations suggest greater resiliency than indicated by theory. In our view, previous treatments not been appropriate to wolves, contributed little their conservation, created unnecessary dilemmas recovery programs overstating required size. Nonetheless, as commonly understood may be problematic small at fringe outside contiguous species range, unless they are part metapopulation. The capability existing nature reserves support viable appears related variety in situ circumstances, including size, shape topography reserve; productivity, numbers, dispersion, seasonal movement prey; extent poaching inside; degree persecution outside; exposure enzootica; attitudes local people; proximity other We estimate 100 more several thousand square kilometers necessary maintain complete isolation, although 3000 km2 even 500–1000 adequate under favorable circumstances. most cases, intervention probably assure relatively small, Because inadequate themselves ensure human toward its must recognized paramount, cooperation neighboring jurisdictions will increasingly important.

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