Managing wolf conflict with livestock in the Northwestern United States
作者： Ed Bangs , John A. Shivik
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摘要: Wolves (Canis lupus) were once common throughout North America but deliberately exterminated in the lower 48 United States, except northeastern Minnesota, primarily because of depredations on livestock. remained abundant areas with few livestock such as most Canada and Alaska. Sixty years after being nearly exterminated, gray wolf was listed under States Endangered Species Act (Act) 1974. The combination natural recovery NW Montana, reintroduction central Idaho Greater Yellowstone area (NW Wyoming, eastern Idaho, SW Montana) has resulted an expanding population (Bangs et al. 1998). In this paper we discuss our attempts to minimize conflicts between wolves build human tolerance for restoring populations.
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