Environmental and human factors affecting spatial behaviour and detectability of roe deer ( capreolus capreolus ): influence on population estimate

摘要: This work confirmed one of the most crucial issues wildlife management, i.e., how it’s difficult to estimate roe deer population density. I checked for different accuracy of roe census methods. Census methods were considered according environmental characteristic, major factors affecting bias in density estimation. A strong underestimation was given use line transect, block count, and spotlight count techniques. Depending on environmental characteristics, two best methods are observation from vantage points and drive census, while pellet group is strongly suggested as a control method. Some human (hunting, logging activities) ecological (prey-predator relationship, behavioural ecology monitored species) should be take into consideration before proceed plan management activities such censuses. When hunting practices allowed, shifted their center activity inside protected areas. Managers have contend with deer movement response activities, related concentrations inside protected areas during season. Logging activities able affect deer movement. In presence clear-cutting areas, shown increase use of this immediately after forest work. also ecological factors that may spatial behaviour. wolf area, females fawn were habitat more dense than female without fawn, consequence of antipredator strategies adopted by mothers order survival offspring. The detectability mother their fawns lower first part of weaning and, consequently, estimation size increase may underestimated periods annual biological cycle the monitored species.