The Large Marine Ecosystem approach: Application of an integrated, modular strategy in projects supported by the Global Environment Facility

摘要: Abstract This paper describes the utility and application of a methodology for monitoring, assessing managing Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) that has been applied in projects receiving financial assistance from Global Environment Facility (GEF) over last two decades. In particular, focuses on practical integration methodology, known as Ecosystem approach (or simply LME approach), into diagnostic strategic planning documents required by GEF collaborative to restore manage LMEs. Examples several successful are provided highlight how this adapted integrated countries programs project operation. demonstrates not only provides useful framework holistic, ecosystem-based assessment management transboundary marine ecosystems but also complements guidance requirements monitoring evaluation its International Waters focal area.