3.31 – Imaging

摘要: Small-animal imaging has emerged as a powerful technique to determine the pharmacokinetics and molecular effects of new drugs. Computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MRI), optical, single photon emission computed (SPECT), positron (PET) can all be used study these compounds or their directly. The methods have varying sensitivities resolutions track events down level. Around six orders magnitude separate cellular events. Cell radii are around 10−5 m, whereas small-molecular-weight compound (1 kDa) will radius 10−10 m. Although MRI resolution below 10−4 m, sensitivity spectroscopy is quite poor, at 10−4 molar. Conversely, PET SPECT lower 10−3 m, but 10−12 molar depend on specific activity tracer used. Small-animal valuable tool investigate drugs validate potential in vivo. CT good for anatomical functional imaging, cannot reliably since they require potentially pharmacologically active doses Optical performed level using bioluminescence fluorescent techniques, only offer planar images which give quantitative data. with permits non-invasive novel well animals over substantial periods time. directly transferable into clinic rapid cost effective way developing therapeutic strategies.