Physicochemical Principles Influencing Magnetopharmaceuticals

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physicochemical principles influencing magnetopharmaceuticals. Except for some regions of interest from which fat 1H signal is intermediate, 1H2O and 23Naaq nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals are strongest tissue. Each these two resonances isochronous. There no resonant frequency dispersion caused by chemical interactions, renders their spectroscopies rather uninformative. The variation spin density throughout tissue yields poor contrast in images based on only this parameter. In 1982, Bottomley introduced term “magnetopharmaceutical” to signify a paramagnetic agent exogeneously administered subject with express purpose causing diagnostic changes NMR image. further expands meaning include any that nondiamagnetic because presence unpaired electrons. refers exhibiting more than simple diamagnetic behavior—paramagnetic, superparamagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic. Nondiamagnetic molecules cause shifts frequencies, reductions relaxation rate constants, or both. When such compounds used capacities shift they referred as reagents. catalyze relaxation,