Distinct requirements for Ras oncogenesis in human versus mouse cells

摘要: The spectrum of tumors associated with oncogenic Ras in humans often differs from those mice either treated carcinogens or engineered to sporadically express Ras, suggesting that the mechanism transformation may be different humans. stimulates primarily three main classes effector proteins, Rafs, PI3-kinase, and RalGEFs, Raf generally being most potent at transforming murine cells. Using mutants activate single effectors as well constitutively active effectors, we find RalGEF, not PI3-kinase pathway, is sufficient for human Thus, transform cells by distinct mechanisms, RalGEF pathway—previously deemed play a secondary role transformation—could represent new target anti-cancer therapy.