The multi-use in wind farm projects: more conflicts or a win-win opportunity?

摘要: The pressures on the use of seashore are steadily rising, not only in developed countries but worldwide. Anthropogenic activity has long impacted marine continental shelf down to a depth approximately -200 m. New activities now affecting this coastal space such as renewable energies, recreational uses and aquaculture addition traditional ones navigation or fishing. This evolution raises new sources conflict amongst users which can require state involvement order manage different stakeholders pressure groups. However, still offers large potential for development two reasons. Firstly, physical three dimensional enables whole water column be used, principally increase fishing productivity Japan. Secondly, innovative synergies created between socio-technical ecological (a "fourth dimension") eco-design wind turbine foundations create fish habitat sea grass settlement. vision "4D" design management infrastructure potentially reduce risk would necessarily exclude one another. Indeed, several forms synergy could fisheries with biological sustainability social acceptability. Until now, limited attempts at an approach have been done. We suggest is likely due absence common eco-engineering lack experience biologists engineers co-construction projects. eco-engineering, "green" vision, also takes into account complexity resilience ecosystem term, if underwater engineered infrastructures "eco"-designed gain conception, within area, provides increased bio-oriented structure therefore better resistance term anthropogenic reduction multi-user conflicts.