MR elastography monitoring of tissue-engineered constructs.

摘要: The objective of tissue engineering (TE) is to create functional replacements for various tissues; the mechanical properties these engineered constructs are critical their function. Several techniques have been developed measurement tissues and organs; however, current methods destructive. field TE will benefit immensely if biomechanical models by could be combined with existing imaging modalities enable noninvasive, dynamic assessment during growth. Specifically, MR elastography (MRE), which based on synchronization a actuator phase contrast pulse sequence, has capacity measure strain generated sonic cyclic displacement. captured displacement presented in shear wave images from complex moduli can extracted or simplified direct measure, termed stiffness. MRE extended microscopic scale, combining clinical high-field magnets, stronger magnetic gradients smaller, more sensitive, radiofrequency coils, enabling interrogation smaller samples, such as tissue-engineered constructs. following topics this article: (i) limitations TE; (ii) description system, theory how it applied constructs; (iii) summary vitro work monitoring osteogenic adipogenic originating human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); (iv) preliminary vivo studies mouse MSCs implanted subcutaneously immunodeficient mice an emphasis challenges; (v) future directions resolve issues context improve role TE. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.