Evolutionary Dynamics of Tat in HIV-1 Subtypes B and C

摘要: Evolutionary characteristics of HIV-1 have mostly studied focusing its structural genes, Gag, Pol and Env. However, regarding the process HIV-1's evolution, few studies emphasize on genetic changes in regulatory proteins. Here we investigate evolutionary dynamics HIV-1, targeting one important proteins, Tat. We performed a phylogenetic analysis employed Bayesian coalescent-based approach using BEAST package to Tat over time evolution. sequences subtypes B C from different parts world were obtained Los Alamos database. The mean estimated nucleotide substitution rates for 1.53x10-3 (95% highest probability density- HPD Interval: 1.09 x10-3 2.08x10-3) 2.14x10-3 1.35 2.91x10-3) per site year, respectively, which is relatively low compared median times most recent common ancestors (tMRCA) be around 1933 HPD, 1907–1952) 1956 1934–1970) C, respectively. Our shows that subtype appeared global population two decades after introduction B. A Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) skyride coalescent demonstrates early expansion rate was quite high, rapidly progressing during 1960s 1970s 1990s, increased up 2010s. In contrast, exhibited slow occurrence until late 1980s when there sharp increase end 1990s; thereafter, gradually slowed. study highlights importance examining internal/regulatory genes understand complete dynamics. results will therefore contribute better understanding