Frontal Sinus Fractures

摘要: Skull fractures are common injuries observed in the setting of both blunt and penetrating trauma. The frontal sinuses located within bone, superior medial to orbits. begin developing around 5 6 years age become fully developed between ages 12 20. Sensation is provided by supraorbital supratrochlear nerves, which branches ophthalmic division trigeminal nerve (CN V1). blood supply comes from arteries. consist bony anterior posterior tables (walls) they drain inferiorly, medially, posteriorly via recess into either middle meatus or ethmoid infundibulum, depending on attachment uncinate process bone. If attaches lamina papyracea, sinus drains semilunar hiatus. skull base turbinate, infundibulum before emptying meatus. border wall agger nasi air cell, while formed bulla. lateral orbit. While volume extremely variable, average size approximately 10 mL; itself may be entirely absent 0.8-7.4% patients, unilaterally, bilaterally up 5% patients.Frontal cranial bones have a greater thickness than more temporal (6.15 cm males, 7.13 females compared 4.33 4.41 cm, respectively). As result, these require forceful mechanism injury other facial bone fractures, occur less frequently forms trauma, often present with concurrent injuries. These include naso-orbito-ethmoid orbital injuries, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, intracranial hemorrhage, cervical spine among others. potential for potentially devastating along makes thorough evaluation patients imperative. Additionally, appropriate classification indications surgical repair remain controversial, resulting variety management strategies.