Glial cells in (patho)physiology.

摘要: Neuroglial cells define brain homeostasis and mount defense against pathological insults. Astroglia regulate neurogenesis development of circuits. In the adult brain, astrocytes enter into intimate dynamic relationship with neurons, especially at synaptic sites where they functionally form tripartite synapse. At these sites, ion neurotransmitter homeostasis, metabolically support neurons monitor activity; one readouts latter manifests in astrocytic intracellular Ca(2+) signals. This excitability can lead to release chemical transmitters via -dependent exocytosis. Once extracellular space, gliotransmitters modulate plasticity cause changes behavior. Besides physiological tasks, are fundamental for progression outcome neurological diseases. Alzheimer's disease, example, may contribute etiology this disorder. Highly lethal glial-derived tumors use signaling trickery coerce normal assist tumor invasiveness. review not only sheds new light on operation health but also points many unknowns.