Guest or pest? Spatio-temporal occurrence and effects on soil and vegetation of the wild boar on Elba island

摘要: Where allochthonous large mammals, such as the wild boars, occur in high density, human-wildlife conflicts may arise. Thus, assessing their spatio-temporal patterns is paramount to management. We studied boars on Elba island, Italy, where they have been introduced and are perceived pests address occurrence impact of foraging on natural habitat. surveyed western island with three camera trapping surveys within one year. found that species' estimated occupancy probability was higher summer-autumn (0.75 ± 0.14) winter-early spring (0.70 ± 0.10) than spring–summer (0.53 ± 0.15), whereas detection did not vary. Occupancy significantly associated lower elevation woodland cover. Lower site use boars during might reflect food availability this season and/or boars’ movements towards landfarms outside sampled area. Detectability increased proximity roads decreased humans’ relative abundance other periods. Boars were mainly nocturnal, decreasing overlap human activity when presence park. Soil degradation caused by pine plantations, which cover a conservation interest. The appears driven seasonal preferences for food-rich avoidance disturbance. lowered months resources could partially settled farmed areas, trigger crop-raiding negative perception residents.