The role of the wolf in shaping a multi‐species ungulate community in the Italian western Alps

摘要: The impact of predation by wolves on prey populations was analysed in a portion the western Alps characterized rich wild ungulate community. number ranged from 7 to 15 (1.7–2.9 wolves/100 km2) during study period (2000–2001). diet mainly consisted ungulates. Red deer and roe were staple prey, while chamois consumed less despite its high density. From 2000 2002, annually removed 20–34 red deer, 21–58 7–14 per 100 km2. These amounts equivalent 19–51% annual mortality 6–28% 6–9% chamois. Additionally, hunting accounted for 58–94% 18–29% 22–43% Other factors (i.e. traffic accidents, disease, poaching) constituted small percentage (5–6%), (6–9%) (1%). During period, density animals stable. Wolf did not ser...