Standardization in immunohistology.

摘要: The rapid acceptance of immunohistology as an invaluable adjunct to morphologic diagnosis has been possible because the development new and more sensitive antibodies detection systems that allow its application formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPT). More importantly, antigen-retrieval techniques have resulted in some degree consistency allowing be used reliably a diagnostic tool. advent prognostic predictive biomarkers, desire for individualized therapy mounting pressure employ immunohistological assay quantitative manner. While it was not major issue when technique employed qualitative manner, numerous variables preanalytical analytical phases test procedure influence immunoexpression proteins FFPT become critical standardization. Tissue fixation is pivotal antigen preservation but exposure fixative prior accessioning by laboratory controlled. Antigen retrieval, crucial phase, continues empirical manner with actual mechanism action remaining elusive. There great variation reagents, methodology, duration processing immunostaining procedure, are standardized between laboratories. many these offset which enables wide range antigens FFPT, method itself standardized. This myriad makes inappropriate provide meaningful comparisons results obtained different laboratories even same laboratory, current practice, each specimen experiences variables. Furthermore, interpretation exist cutoff thresholds positivity differ. Failure recognize false-positive false-negative stains leads further errors measurement. Many problems relating technology originate from failure this other histological involves steps cannot monitored until end result attained. several remedial measures can suggested address problems, accurate reproducible assessment immunostains presently remains elusive important impact on biopsy -cannot